In honor of John Bissett: authoritative guidelines on molecular identification of Trichoderma

Abstract Modern taxonomy has developed towards the establishment of global authoritative lists species that assume standardized principles recognition, at least in a given taxonomic group. However, fungi, delimitation is frequently subjective because it depends on choice concept and criteria selected by taxonomist. Contrary to it, identification fungal expected be accurate precise should predict properties are required for applications or relevant pathology. The industrial plant-beneficial fungi from genus Trichoderma (Hypocreales) offer suitable model address this collision between identification. A few decades ago, diversity was limited dozen species. introduction molecular evolutionary methods resulted exponential expansion taxonomy, with up 50 new recognized per year. Here, we have reviewed genus-wide compiled complete inventory all DNA barcoding material deposited public databases (the available website International Subcommission Taxonomy www.trichoderma.info ). Among 375 valid names as July 2020, 361 (96%) been cultivated vitro barcoded. Thus, protocol requires analysis three barcodes (ITS, tef1 , rpb2 ), supported online tools www.trichokey.info . We then used whole-genome sequenced (WGS) strains provide versatile practical examples identification, reveal shortcomings, discuss possible ambiguities. Based example, study shows why an intricate laborious task background mycology, biological skills, training analysis, knowledge literature. in-depth discussion concepts applied conclude these particularly implementation polyphasic approach first introduced John Bissett (1948–2020), whose work inspired current study. also propose regulatory unifying role international commissions particular groups. An important outcome demonstration urgent need cooperation researchers get prepared efficient use upcoming wave genomic data.